There are many sites with recipes and information about what people ate in Colonial times.
I tried searching for "colonial recipes" and "colonial foods" in Google.
A good option for recipes:
Colonial Williamsburg-- www.history.org
The American History Online database also has some great information. Trying searching:
'food in the 19th century'
'food in the 18th century'
'food in the 17th century'
'food in the colonial period'
The following books can be found in eBooks on Ebscohost.
Food in the Civil War Era by 
Cuisine and Empire by 
A Selection of Modernized Recipes from Food in the Civil War by